Wednesday, December 16, 2015

Gurkha's Khukuri

Gurkha's Khukuri

In the mid-seventies I was ordering B Company o 1/2 GR on an outskirt visit in the New Territories pursuing Illega Immigrants from China looking for asylum in Hong Kong. We were positioned on the separated shoreline of Starling Inlet over the narrows from the partitioned town of Sha Tau Kok. I had my modestTac HQ set up in an old and forsook angler's house. Over the fringe duck homesteads and paddy fields extended once again into obscure China to the extent the eye could see. Administrator Mao's terrible Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution kept on attacking the nation. The standard unlawful outsiders, or IIs as they were known, were, much of the time, unskilled, uncovered footed Cantonese laborers recent day Dick Whittington's - looking for the gold off Hong Kong asphalts - and a superior life than that offered in the cultivating towns of Guangdong Province. On the off chance that they figured out how to achieve the outskirt, scale the fringe wall, maintain a strategic distance from our watches and make it to the place of refuge of Kowloon they were then permitted to stay – if caught they confronted the shamefulness of the every day 4 pm return over the Man Kam To Bridge, under the control of the Chinese powers and back to a questionable future. A number of them were in the hands of the infamous "snake heads" offering ridiculous assurances of safe section over the fringe consequently at high costs. In my general vicinity the dominant part of IIs were swimmers trying the hazardous waters during the evening to escape from the Chinese state army watches north of the fringe and the avoidance of our watches toward the south. Suffocated and mangled bodies sometimes appeared on the shore were demonstration of the threats and difficulties of this course. Our initial day break leeway watches checked the shoreline for those that may have effectively made the intersection overnight. One morning I got a radio message that a Gurkha watch had gotten a swimmer and were taking him back to Tac HQ. I advised my signaller to summon a Police Patrol vessel to come and lift him up for entry to the territory and the Immigration Handling Center and anticipated his landing.

Before long I saw Corporal Ganga strolling up the shoreline towards me joined by a Chinese man who instantly looked not the same as the normal II. He was moderately aged, silver haired and thin yet with refined elements and he strolled with a slight stoop. He wore just blurred blue shorts. What astounded me was that he and Ganga were plainly occupied with profound discussion. I realized that the Gurkha's learning of Cantonese was nonexistent and I could just envision they were talking English. Be that as it may, an II who communicated in English was an uncommon item. They entered my little base camp and the II talked instantly to me: "Have you perused Thackeray's Vanity Fair - what a superb character is Becky Sharp." Somewhat shocked said that I was acquainted with the book. "My name is Wang - I am a Professor of English Literature at the Sun Yat Sen University." Gently I started to test his experience and the excursion he had made to achieve the shoreline. It was clear that as a scholarly he had endured under the Cultural Revolution. "A long time back I attempted to come to Hong Kong. I was caught by the local army and sentenced to five years on a National Farm. I discovered cultivating uncongenial, Major." Other individuals from my organization accumulated round us captivated as the Professor proceeded with his story. He sobbed as he related the fiasco of the Tangshan quake which had recently executed an expected quarter of a million Chinese. News of this calamity had scarcely come to the outside world. He had watched trainloads of setbacks falling off trains in Beijing's railroad station. He let us know of his initial childhood in Canton, of his steady conflicts with the powers which had driven him to right on time internment in the wide open and how everybody was tired of the "condemned upset". He described his undertakings in coming to the Chinese shoreline; of brushes and pursues with the Militia; of his night swim over the Inlet; that he had accompanied an understudy companion yet when the elastic ring they used to bolster them had floated away he had put some distance between his buddy. On coming to the shore he chose to stow away amongst a few brambles with the aim of holding up to check whether his companion arrived so they could proceed with their voyage together. It arrived that the watch had discovered him. Ganga let me know that when he spotted Wang the Professor had received a threatening Kung Fu stance as though to strike him. Ganga had brought his bamboo twirly doo down on the Professor's raised and undermining hand. I could see that it was wounded and swollen. We had all warmed to this fascinating man who was giving us a knowledge into a China about which we knew little. He represented an hour with appeal and qualification. Down on the shoreline I could see the Police dispatch surrounding our little quay. Some portion of me needed to advise the Professor to get off up the slope at the back of the old angling town and travel south to the haven of Kowloon. In any case, that was plainly unthinkable. The talk was attracting to its nearby. "I am planning to join my sibling - he is a shipper on the Queen's Road. When I contact him you must come and eat with me

Sunday, December 13, 2015

MUSAHAR


Thursday, December 10, 2015

MUSAHAR




MUSAHAR

The kingdom of Nepal lies in south Asia between two large countries, India in the south, East, West and the Tibet region of China in North with different geographic and socio-cultural conditions encompassing an area of 1, 47,181 sq. km. covered with rural areas and inhabited by 32.1 million people (CBS: 2001) fixing an annual growth rate of 2.25% in 1991-2001 decade having three major regions: Mountain, Hill and Terai. Nepal is characterized as a mountainous, landlocked, subtropical kingdom whose most of the population is below the poverty line and isolated. It is land of various caste, tribe and ethnic groups. Each group has its own unique language, culture, social organization, myths, customs, moral values and traditions. So, Nepal is also known as a multilingual and multi religious country. The Terai is a plain region which is hotter than other regions where Rajputs, Danuwars, Tharus, Telis, Sudhis, Yadavs, Brahmins, Chhetries, Muslims, Chamars, Musahars, Dushads, Doms, Sarkis, Kurmis etc dwell. It is a need to identify the community to which Dalit groups belong to caste system and refers to an occupationally segregated, hierarchically and ritually discriminatory social system based on heredity of an individual or group of individuals. They are economically exploited, politically voiceless, socially humiliated and treated as “Untouchables”. In essence, the victim of caste-based discrimination and untouchable can be considered as Dalits. The Dalits have been placed at the bottom in the Hindu caste system. The major Dalit caste groups in the Terai are Musahar, Chamar, Dom, Tatma, Dusadh etc. while such caste groups in the Hills are Damai, Kami and Sarki. In the Kathmandu valley, the major Dalit castes include Pore and Chyame.The Musahars are concentrated more in districts like Morang, Jhapa, Sunsari, Saptary, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari, Sarlahi, Bara, Parsa, Rauthat, Rupandehi, Kapilbastu, Nawalparasia, Banke, Bardia. The total population of the Musahars people in Nepal is 9,756(0.04%) according to CBS: 2001.
The Musahars are considered the lowest untouchable caste groups of the Terai. They are not allowed to fetch water either from the private or public tube-wells. They have separate tube-wells for their own use or go to the nearby stream/pond to fetch water. Working as a labor is their traditional caste occupation. They dig mud for construction of houses, roads and work in farming fields as laborers. In addition, cleaning roads/rivers/canals are also considered as traditional occupation of Musahar. These are their main source of earning a livelihood. The conditions of Musahar women are more critical. Generally they are house wives. Few women help their husband as a labor, and few work as a maidservant in the houses of their landlords. The research study is focus on the present socio-economic status of the ‘Female Musahar Community’ of Saptary district, Nepal.
 THE PROBLEM
Nepal is a multiethnic, multi-religious, multilingual as well as multi cultural country. Each and every ethnic group has its own cultural, economic, social and religious beliefs. Different scholars have described the Nepalese culture & social life in different ways. Described Nepalese culture and social life is an example of syncretism of various ethnic groups. Saptary District is inhabited by various Dalit groups, which also include the Musahar community. The Musahar people have their own tradition and culture. They are untouchable and landless. The ethnography of the Musahar community provides more information about the social institutions such as marriage, family, kinship, dress pattern, food habits, religion and economy. The problem of the present study is to investigate the socio- economic status of the Female Musahar community that has occurred because of the process of modernization and the influence of dominant caste groups. . According to the “Dictionary of sociology, 1989: The term socio-economic status means- “In a system of social stratification, it refers to a combination of various social and economic indexes of rank which are used in research studies”. According to “The concise oxford Advanced learners' Dictionary 1990”: Socio-economic status means- “Relating to or concerned with interaction of social and economic factors in a system of social stratification. It refers to a combination of various social and economic indexes of rank, which are used in research studies. Similarly, "Sabai Jatko Phoolbari" is another book of Bista, which describes the thnography of different people. Bista has given a short ethnography study of the people of Sharki in his book "Mechi Dekhi Mahakali Samma". However, there is also lack of detail information about the socio-economic change among other untouchable groups. Regmi (1971), studied about Dhimals. His contribution is also a milestone of ethnography of Dhimal community. G.S. Nepali studied about Newars, the book entitled "The Newars". G.M. Gurung studied about Chepangs in his book "The Chepang". They all have tried to give an ethnographic picture of the Nepalese society. But very few contributions have been done on the lowest castes as Dom, Musahar, Dushad, Sarki, Kami, Chamar etc